Trust and Autonomy Dynamics with Preceptors and Learners
by Stacy A. Reid, PharmD, BCPS, Jody M. Nordby, PharmD, Lisa R. Brauer, RPh
Abstract:
When a learner begins a rotation, preceptors are faced with the question: how much trust and autonomy is appropriate? Preceptors and learners have unique characteristics they bring to the relationship that influence the degree of trust and autonomy. These characteristics, as well as the practice setting and task difficulty, will impact the preceptor’s decision regarding the degree of autonomy to be granted to a learner. In addition to objective factors, there are subjective biases that influence a preceptor’s assessment. Awareness of potential biases minimizes the impact on a learner’s rotations. Additionally, the application of tools that standardize and encourage objective measurement, such as Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and an Entrustment Scale (ES), will help foster a positive experience for the preceptor, learner, and site. Balancing learner autonomy and supervision can be difficult for preceptors. Awareness of learner and preceptor characteristics and potential biases requires implementing resources to minimize their impact. This will result in enhanced learning opportunities on the rotation.
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2026 March/April Table of Contents
Abstract:
When a learner begins a rotation, preceptors are faced with the question: how much trust and autonomy is appropriate? Preceptors and learners have unique characteristics they bring to the relationship that influence the degree of trust and autonomy. These characteristics, as well as the practice setting and task difficulty, will impact the preceptor’s decision regarding the degree of autonomy to be granted to a learner. In addition to objective factors, there are subjective biases that influence a preceptor’s assessment. Awareness of potential biases minimizes the impact on a learner’s rotations. Additionally, the application of tools that standardize and encourage objective measurement, such as Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and an Entrustment Scale (ES), will help foster a positive experience for the preceptor, learner, and site. Balancing learner autonomy and supervision can be difficult for preceptors. Awareness of learner and preceptor characteristics and potential biases requires implementing resources to minimize their impact. This will result in enhanced learning opportunities on the rotation.
Download PDF
2026 March/April Table of Contents